Ghanaian people
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Ghanaians
Flag of Ghana.svg
Flag of Ghana
Total population
c. 24 million
Regions with significant populations
Ghana : 20 million (2013 estimate)[1][2]
South Africa 10,000 (2010) [n1][3]
Brazil 442,189 (2013) [n1][4]
United States 116,807 (2011) [n1][5]
United Kingdom 100,000+ (2015) [n1][6]
Italy 50,414 (2015) [n1][7][8][9]
Netherlands 40,000 (2003) [n1][8][10]
Suriname 31,400 (2014) [n1][11]
Germany 29,590 (2015) [n1][12]
Canada 23,225 (2006) [n1][8][13]
French Guiana 19,200 (2014) [n1][8][14]
Spain 12,699 (2007) [n1][15]
Lebanon 10,297 (2013) [n1][16]
France 10,000 (2007) [n1][17]
Belgium 5600 (2015) [n1]
Australia 3,866 (2011) [n1][18]
Israel 3,000 (2003) [n1][19]
Japan 2,524 (2010) [n1][20]
Norway 2,424 (2014) [n1][21]
Finland 2,135 (2017) [n1][22]
Sweden 1,754 (2009) [n1][23]
Denmark 1,600 (2015) [n1][24]
Guyana 850 (2014) [n1][25]
Cuba 533 (2011) [n1][26]
Turkey 500 (2012) [n1]
New Zealand 277 (2007) [n1][27]
Russia 200 (2011) [n1][28]
Romania 90
Languages
English
Religion
71.2% Christian[29]17.6% Muslim[30]traditional 5.2%, other 0.8%, none 5.2%[29]
Related ethnic groups
47.5% Akan16.6% Dagbani-Mole
13.9% Ewe7.4% Ga-Adangbe[1][29]
^[n1] Ghanaian citizens or Ghanaian card nationals.
Gold Coast
Badge of the Gold Coast (1877-1957).svg
Ashantis (Ashanti Empire)
Dagombas (Kingdom of Dagbon)
Danes (Danish Gold Coast)
Dutch (Dutch Gold Coast)
English-British (British Gold Coast)
Ewes (British Togoland)
Germans (Brandenburger Gold Coast, Prussian Gold Coast)
Portuguese (Portuguese Gold Coast)
Swedes (Swedish Gold Coast)
Gold Coastians—Ghanaians (Ghana)
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The Ghanaian people are a nation originating in the Ghanaian Gold Coast. Ghanaians predominantly inhabit the republic of Ghana, and are the predominant cultural group and residents of Ghana, numbering 20 million people as of 2013.[1][2] Ethnic Ghanaians make up 85.4% of the total population.[1][2] The word "Ghana" means "warrior king".[31]
Approximately 20 million Ghanaians are residents of the Fourth Republic of Ghana;[1][2] an additional estimated diaspora population of 4 million people worldwide are of Ghanaian descent.[32] The term ethnic Ghanaian may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups native to the Gold Coast.[33] The Republic of Ghana is a natural resource, mineral resource and fossil fuel-rich nation and is home to one of the world's largest gold and sweet crude oil reserves and they are the second major producers of cocoa in the world.[34]
The Republic of Ghana is an economic powerhouse in West Africa,[35] and has one of the biggest economies on the African continent and one of the world's fastest growing economies.[36]
Contents
1 Origin, ethnogenesis and history
2 Demography
3 National identity and citizenship
4 Genetics
5 Nationalism, independence and transformation to republic
6 National borders, regions and terrestrial plains
7 Population
8 Subgroups
8.1 Ghanaian Arabs
8.2 Ghanaian Indians
9 Diaspora
9.1 Ghanaian Australians
9.2 Ghanaian Americans
9.3 Ghanaian Canadians
9.4 Ghanaian British
9.5 Ghanaian Surinamese and Guyanese
10 Ghanaian society and culture
11 Women
12 Republic of Ghana (1957–present)
13 See also
14 References and notes
14.1 Notes
15 External links
Origin, ethnogenesis and history
Part of a series on the
History of Ghana
Black Star of Africa
Akan people
Kingdom of Ashanti
Gold Coast region
United Gold Coast Convention
The Big Six
Kwame Nkrumah
Ghana
Timeline
Africa (orthographic projection).svg Africa portal
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See also: Akans, Gold Coast (region), Gold Coast, and History of Ghana
The origin and ethnogenesis of the ancient ethnic Ghanaians is traced back to nomadic migration from Nubia along the Sahara desert then south to the Gold Coast, and the Ghanaian ethnogenesis taking place on the Ghanaian Gold Coast region from the 10th century AD to the 16th century AD.[37] The Ghanaians started a lucrative trade with Ghanaian gold bars and other Ghanaian natural minerals to the Portuguese in 1471; and then the Ghanaians became the wealthiest ethnic group and nation state on the African continent from the 17th century onwards following successful further expansion of lucrative Ghanaian gold bars trading to the Dutch, Prussian and Scandinavians from the 16th century through to the 20th century.[38]
The Ghanaians established a number of powerful kingdoms from the 10th century AD to the 17th century and the Ghanaians became the dominant military power in the west of Africa.[38] In 1902, the powerful Ghanaian kingdoms had all become a colony of Britain and their powerful kingdoms was renamed Gold Coast following a series of military battles between the Ghanaians and the British.[38] The Ghanaians gained their independence from Britain in 1957, and renamed their sovereign state "Ghana (Warrior King)" due to the fact that pre-historic Republic of Ghana was ruled by warriors.[39] The Republic of Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from European colonization.[40]
Demography
Main article: Demographics of Ghana
Out of Ghana's 2013 population of 20 million people in 2013,[1][2] more than ninety percent of the Ghanaian citizens in Ghana live in urban areas – a figure higher than the world average. The rate of Ghana's population growth is at the world average.[29]
Most Ghanaian move to the urban areas to look for shelter due to the fact that, most of the well paid jobs resides in the City. Ghanaians have high level of education in Science, technology, mathematics and vocational studies. However, the rural areas have large productivity in agricultural produce.
National identity and citizenship
See also: Ghanaian nationality and Ghanaian passport
The inhabitants of Ghana possessing Ghanaian passports are 20 million persons, including an additional 3‒4 million persons abroad. Ghana has a diverse population that reflects its colourful history and the peoples who have populated the region from ancient times to the present, with the historic amalgam of the main groups forming the basis of Ghana's current demographics. Native West Africans make up 98% percent of the population.[41][42][43] There is also a new population of Asians, Middle Easterners, Europeans and other recent immigrants.[44]
To obtain Ghanaian nationality, one must be naturalized after seven years of Ghana Card permanent residency.[44] The Asians, Middle Easterners and Europeans who have lived in Ghana for most of their lives have acquired Ghanaian citizenship, which is granted without any discrimination.[44] 67.1% of Ghanaians speak English.[29][45] There are over 100 ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language.[46] However, languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible. There are nine language family groups and 11 languages from these groups are officially sponsored by the government: Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Ewe, Fante, Ga, Dangme, Dagbani, Nzema, Dagaare, Gonja and Kasena.[44][47]
During the colonial era, a number of Europeans intermarried with Africans and had offspring, who include such notable Gold Coasters as Carel Hendrik Bartels and James Bannerman. Most European settlers left the Gold Coast after it won independence. Currently, the most significant immigrant populations in Ghana are Africans from other countries on the continent, Asians (Indians and Chinese) and Middle Easterners, particularly Lebanese and Syrians.
Genetics
According to a Y-DNA study by Wood et al. (2005), indigenous Ghanaians in Ghana carry 61% E1b1a.[48][nb 1] Indigenous Ghanaians in Ghana also belong to paternal lineages: 2.2% E1a and.[48] Indigenous Ghanaians in Ghana are 1.1% E1b1b clade bearers, a haplogroup which is most common in North Africa and the Horn of Africa finally, 1.1% carry West Eurasian haplogroup R1b.[48]
Nationalism, independence and transformation to republic
See also: Ghanaian Nationalism in Gold Coast, Ghanaian Aborigines' Rights Protection Society, Dominion of Ghana, and Republic of Ghana
File:Ghana (1957-03-07 A New Nation).ogv
Universal Newsreel about the independence of Ghana in 1957.
The Ghanaian nationalism was suspended by the Ghanaian Government during the time of World War II, but was resumed in 1945.[49] The Ghanaian allied with the Allies in World War II.[49] The Fifth Pan-African Congress held on October 1945, served to form the support for the liberalization of Ghanaian colonial domination on 4 August 1947.[49][50] On 12 June 1949, Kwame Nkrumah, formed the first governing party in the history of the Gold Coast, which did not cooperate with the British and which led to the achievement of Ghanaian independence and the opposition to the 1951 Constitution, in which Nkrumah was incarcerated together with his collaborators.[50]
On 8 February 1951, the first elections in the history of the Gold Coast were held; Nkrumah's win was confirmed on 12 February 1951.[50] Ghanaian nationalism was initiated in organisation with the Ghanaian nationlist movement, the Big Six and through the Ghanaian Aborigines' Rights Protection Society (ARPS); then strikes and mass riots were formed on the streets of the Gold Coast by its natives for Gold Coast independence, the British governor at the time, the Earl of Listowel, proclaim Gold Coast's independence on 6 March 1957,[51] Nkrumah became the first Ghanaian Prime Minister.[52] On 1 July 1960, Nkrumah drew up the first Constitution of Ghana; the British monarch ceased to be head of state, and Ghana became a republic.[52]
National borders, regions and terrestrial plains
Main article: Geography of Ghana
National Border, Region and Terrestrial plain of the Fourth Republic of Ghana
Coastal Plain Accra, Apam, Cape Coast, Elmina, Kakum National Park, Kokrobite, Nzulezo, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ada Foah The Gulf of Guinea coastal plain with the seat of government and capital city, several castles and forts and the best preserved rainforest in Ghana
Ashanti-Kwahu Koforidua, Kumasi, Obuasi, Sunyani Forested hills and the ancient Kingdom of Ashanti
Volta Basin Tamale massive and world's largest Lake Volta, the river system that feeds it and Ghana eastern border crossing
Northern Plains Wa, Bolgatanga, Mole National Park Savanna plains and north Ghana trade route and border crossing
Map of Ghana with national border, geographical regions and terrestrial plains colour-coded
Cities
Accra Seat of Government and Capital City.
Bolgatanga Ghana's gateway to Burkina Faso.
Cape Coast Cape Coast castle is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Elmina Coastal town with a quite harrowing fort.
Koforidua Aburi Botanical Gardens location.
Kumasi Traditional centre of the Kingdom of Ashanti.
Obuasi The World's 10th largest gold mine location; and Mining town.
Sekondi-Takoradi Ghana's sweet crude oil fields and location of beaches and UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Tamale Largest city in the north of Ghana and gateway to Mole National Park.
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